| Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Nighttime Garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Allium canadense var. canadense |
Wild onion, Meadow onion |
Herbs |
Meadows |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Allium cernuum |
Nodding onion |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Andropogon gerardii |
Big bluestem, Big blue stem, Bluestem, Turkeyfoot |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Walkways, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Anatherum glomeratum |
Bushy bluestem, Bushy beardgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Anemone virginiana var. virginiana |
Tall anemone, Thimbleweed |
Herbs |
Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Asimina triloba |
Common pawpaw, Paw paw, Paw-paw, Pawpaw |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Fire, Wet conditions |
| Betula nigra |
River birch, Red birch |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Carpinus caroliniana |
American hornbeam, Ironwood |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Wind |
| Carya cordiformis |
Bitternut, Bitternut hickory, Red hickory |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Carya ovata |
Shagbark hickory |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Ceanothus americanus |
New jersey tea, Mountain snowbell, Redroot |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Urban environments |
| Cercis canadensis |
Eastern redbud |
Medium Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Specimen, Streetside planting, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Acidic soils, Alkaline soils, Allelopathic plants, Soil compaction |
| Chasmanthium latifolium |
River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Chasmanthium laxum |
Slender spikegrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Clematis virginiana |
Virgin's bower, Virgin's-bower |
Vines |
Songbirds |
Allelopathic plants |
| Cornus amomum |
Silky dogwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Container garden, Erosion control, Erosion control, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Elymus hystrix |
Bottlebrush grass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Eragrostis spectabilis |
Purple lovegrass, Tumblegrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Border, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Songbirds |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt, Some foot traffic |
| Fagus grandifolia |
American beech |
Large Trees |
Border, Garden for the blind, Shade garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Salt |
| Geum canadense |
White avens |
Herbs |
Container garden, Mass planting, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Heuchera americana |
Alumroot, American alumroot, Coral bells, Rock geranium |
Herbs |
Border, Container garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rock garden, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Walkways |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Hydrangea arborescens |
Wild hydrangea, Smooth hydrangea |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Fire, Salt |
| Lonicera sempervirens |
Trumpet honeysuckle, Coral honeysuckle |
Vines |
Border, Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen |
Allelopathic plants, Salt, Soil compaction |
| Mertensia virginica |
Virginia bluebell, Virginia cowslip |
Herbs |
Border, Fragrant garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Monarda didyma |
Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Monarda fistulosa |
Wild bergamot |
Herbs |
Bats, Border, Butterfly garden, Fragrant garden, Garden for the blind, Pollinator garden, Rain garden |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris |
Hair-awn muhly, Long-awn hairgrass, Pink muhly |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Rock garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt |
| Onoclea sensibilis |
Sensitive fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Panicum virgatum |
Switchgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia-creeper, Virginia creeper |
Vines |
Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Phlox maculata |
Meadow phlox, Wild sweet-william |
Herbs |
Border, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Allelopathic plants, Heat |
| Phlox paniculata |
Garden phlox, Fall phlox |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Patio, Pollinator garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Fire |
| Platanus occidentalis |
Sycamore, American sycamore |
Large Trees |
Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Podophyllum peltatum |
Mayapple, Devil's apple, Duck's foot, Hog apple, Indian apple, Indian apple root, Mandrake , Raccoonberry, Umbrella leaf, Wild lemon, May-apple, May apple |
Herbs |
Drought tolerant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Quercus alba |
White oak |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Edible garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting |
Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt |
| Quercus bicolor |
Swamp white oak |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Quercus coccinea |
Scarlet oak |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Fall colors, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Quercus rubra |
Northern red oak |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Fall colors, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Soil compaction |
| Quercus velutina |
Black oak |
Large Trees |
Drought tolerant garden, Lawn, Meadows, Shade Tree, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Streetside planting |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Rhus aromatica |
Fragrant sumac |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Rhus glabra |
Smooth sumac |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat |
| Sassafras albidum |
Sassafras, Cinnamon wood |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Flowering tree, Garden for the blind, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Schizachyrium scoparium |
Little bluestem |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Solidago caesia |
Bluestem goldenrod, Blue-stemmed goldenrod, Wreath goldenrod, Axillary goldenrod |
Herbs |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Sorghastrum nutans |
Indian grass, Yellow indian grass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Staphylea trifolia |
Bladdernut |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Flowering tree, Pollinator garden, Rain garden |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Tradescantia virginiana |
Virginia spiderwort |
Herbs |
Border, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Tsuga canadensis |
Canada hemlock, Eastern hemlock |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Viburnum dentatum |
Arrow-wood, Arrow-wood viburnum, Arrowwood viburnum, Southern arrowwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rooftops, Songbirds, Streetside planting |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Viburnum prunifolium |
Black haw, Blackhaw, Blackhaw viburnum, Nannyberry, Plum leaf viburnum |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Edible garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rooftops, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Acidic soils, Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Urban environments |
| Viola sororia |
Common blue violet, Confederate violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Liriodendron tulipifera |
Tulip-tree, Tulip-poplar, Yellow poplar |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Swida amomum |
Silky dogwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |