| Acer pensylvanicum |
Striped maple, Goosefoot maple, Moosewood, Snakebark maple, Whistlewood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Drought tolerant garden, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Understory tree, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Nighttime Garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Acer saccharinum |
Silver maple |
Large Trees |
Bats, Drought tolerant garden, Fall colors, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Amelanchier arborea |
Downy serviceberry, Shadbush |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Barrier, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Garden for the blind, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Patio, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rock garden, Shade Tree, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Understory tree, Walkways, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Amelanchier laevis |
Smooth serviceberry, Allegheny serviceberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Shade Tree, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Salt, Urban environments |
| Andropogon gerardii |
Big bluestem, Big blue stem, Bluestem, Turkeyfoot |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Walkways, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Anatherum glomeratum |
Bushy bluestem, Bushy beardgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Aronia arbutifolia |
Red chokeberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Benthamidia florida |
|
|
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Mass planting, Patio, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Specimen, Understory tree, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Soil compaction, Wind |
| Betula nigra |
River birch, Red birch |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Bignonia capreolata |
Cross-vine, Crossvine |
Vines |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Heat, Wet conditions |
| Carex grayi |
Gray's sedge |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Carex pensylvanica |
Pennsylvania sedge, Oak sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Seersucker sedge |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Carya ovata |
Shagbark hickory |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Chasmanthium latifolium |
River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Chasmanthium laxum |
Slender spikegrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Chionanthus virginicus |
Fringetree, Old man's beard |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Flowering tree, Lawn, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Urban environments |
| Cornus florida |
Flowering dogwood |
Medium Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Lawn, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Understory tree, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Soil compaction, Wind |
| Crataegus phaenopyrum |
Washington hawthorn |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Urban environments |
| Diospyros virginiana |
Common persimmon, American persimmon |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Flowering tree, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Poor soil, Wet conditions, Wind |
| Dryopteris cristata |
Crested wood fern, Crested fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris intermedia |
Evergreen wood fern, Evergreen wood-fern, Evergreen woodfern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Container garden, Mass planting, Shade garden, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris marginalis |
Marginal wood fern, Evergreen wood fern, Evergreen wood-fern, Evergreen woodfern, Leather wood fern, Marginal shield fern, Marginal shield-fern, Marginal woodfern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Eryngium yuccifolium |
Beargrass, Rattlesnake-master, Northern rattlesnake-master, Button eryngo |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Hamamelis virginiana |
Witch hazel, Witchhazel |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Flowering tree, Fragrant garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Poor soil |
| Ilex verticillata |
Winterberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Salt, Wet conditions |
| Juncus effusus |
Soft rush, Common rush |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Erosion control, Rain garden, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Juniperus virginiana |
Eastern redcedar |
Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt |
| Lindera benzoin |
Spicebush |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Fragrant garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rooftops, Songbirds, Streetside planting, Winter interest |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Mitchella repens |
Partidge-berry |
Herbs |
Border, Low growing, Songbirds, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Mowing, Some foot traffic |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris |
Hair-awn muhly, Long-awn hairgrass, Pink muhly |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Rock garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt |
| Panicum virgatum |
Switchgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Physocarpus opulifolius |
Ninebark, Common ninebark, Eastern ninebark |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Barrier, Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Pinus echinata |
Shortleaf pine |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Nighttime Garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pinus strobus |
Eastern white pine |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pinus virginiana |
Virginia pine, Scrub pine |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Erosion control, Nighttime Garden, Rock garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought |
| Platanus occidentalis |
Sycamore, American sycamore |
Large Trees |
Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Polystichum acrostichoides |
Christmas fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire |
| Ptelea trifoliata var. trifoliata |
Hop-tree, Hop tree, Wafer-ash |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Flowering tree, Garden for the blind, Hedges, privacy screening, Songbirds, Specimen, Understory tree, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Rhododendron maximum |
Great rhododendron, White rosebay, Great laurel |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Rhus typhina |
Staghorn sumac |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments |
| Rudbeckia laciniata |
Cut-leaved coneflower, Tall coneflower, Green-headed coneflower, Wild goldenglow, Cutleaf coneflower |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Rudbeckia triloba |
Three-lobed coneflower, Brown-eyed susan |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought |
| Schizachyrium scoparium |
Little bluestem |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Scirpus cyperinus |
Woolgrass, Woolgrass bulrush |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Barrier, Border, Mass planting, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Symplocarpus foetidus |
Skunk cabbage |
Herbs |
Container garden, Meadows, Rain garden, Rock garden, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Wet conditions |
| Teucrium canadense |
Canada germander, American germander |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Specimen, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Tiarella cordifolia |
Heart-leaved foamflower |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Tilia americana |
American basswood, Basswood |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Wind |
| Tridens flavus |
Purpletop, Tall redtop, Grease grass, Redtop |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Mass planting, Meadows, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Salt |
| Viola sororia |
Common blue violet, Confederate violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Morella cerifera |
Southern wax myrtle, Southern bayberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Morella cerifera |
Wax myrtle, Southern bayberry |
Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Amauropelta noveboracensis |
New york fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Anatherum ternarium |
Splitbeard bluestem, Silvery bluestem |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought |