| Juglans nigra |
Black walnut |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Shade Tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Juniperus virginiana |
Eastern redcedar |
Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt |
| Kalmia latifolia |
Mountain laurel, Mountain ivy, Calico bush, Ivy bush, Sheepkill |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Flowering tree, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Soil compaction |
| Lespedeza virginica |
Slender lespedeza, Slender bush clover, Slender bush-clover |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Liatris scariosa |
Large blazing star, Eastern blazing star |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Liquidambar styraciflua |
Sweetgum |
Large Trees |
Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Soil compaction |
| Lobelia cardinalis |
Cardinal flower, Indian pink |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Lobelia puberula |
Downy lobelia |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Lobelia siphilitica |
Blue cardinal flower, Great blue lobelia |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Lobelia spicata |
Pale-spike lobelia, Pale spiked lobelia |
Herbs |
Meadows, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Maianthemum racemosum |
False solomon's plume, False solomon's seal, Eastern solomons-plume |
Herbs |
Border, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Maianthemum racemosum |
False solomon's seal, Eastern solomons-plume |
Herbs |
Border, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Malus coronaria |
Southern crabapple |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Lawn, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Matelea carolinensis |
Carolina milkvine |
Vines |
Slope or Bank, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Matteuccia struthiopteris |
Ostrich fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Menispermum canadense |
Canada moonseed, Common moonseed |
Vines |
Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Mertensia virginica |
Virginia bluebell, Virginia cowslip |
Herbs |
Border, Fragrant garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Mitchella repens |
Partidge-berry |
Herbs |
Border, Low growing, Songbirds, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Mowing, Some foot traffic |
| Monarda didyma |
Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Morus rubra |
Red mulberry |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris |
Hair-awn muhly, Long-awn hairgrass, Pink muhly |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Rock garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt |
| Muhlenbergia schreberi |
Nimblewill |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Nyssa sylvatica |
Black gum, Sour gum, Sourgum |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Drought tolerant garden, Frogs and toads, Lawn, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Reptiles, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Salt, Wet conditions, Wind |
| Oenothera gaura |
Biennial gaura, Northeastern gaura |
Herbs |
Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Poor soil |
| Onoclea sensibilis |
Sensitive fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Osmundastrum cinnamomeum |
Cinnamon fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Barrier, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Ostrya virginiana |
Ironwood, Eastern hop-hornbeam, Hop-horn-beam |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Lawn, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire, Soil compaction, Wind |
| Panicum virgatum |
Switchgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia-creeper, Virginia creeper |
Vines |
Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Penstemon canescens |
Eastern gray beard-tongue, Gray beard-tongue |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Slope or Bank, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Persicaria virginiana |
Virginia knotweed, Jumpseed |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Container garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Phegopteris hexagonoptera |
Broad beech fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Mass planting, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Heat, Wet conditions |
| Phlox divaricata |
Wild blue phlox, Woodland phlox |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Fragrant garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Phlox paniculata |
Garden phlox, Fall phlox |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Patio, Pollinator garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Fire |
| Phlox pilosa |
Downy phlox |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire |
| Phlox subulata |
Moss phlox, Moss-pink |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Slope or Bank, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Poor soil, Salt |
| Physocarpus opulifolius |
Ninebark, Common ninebark, Eastern ninebark |
Herbs |
Barrier, Border, Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Physostegia virginiana |
Obedient plant |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Mass planting, Meadows, Patio, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Pinus echinata |
Shortleaf pine |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Nighttime Garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pinus strobus |
Eastern white pine |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pinus virginiana |
Virginia pine, Scrub pine |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Erosion control, Nighttime Garden, Rock garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought |
| Platanus occidentalis |
Sycamore, American sycamore |
Large Trees |
Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Podophyllum peltatum |
Mayapple, Devil's apple, Duck's foot, Hog apple, Indian apple, Indian apple root, Mandrake , Raccoonberry, Umbrella leaf, Wild lemon, May-apple, May apple |
Herbs |
Drought tolerant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Polemonium reptans |
Jacob's ladder, Greek valerian, Spreading jacob's ladder |
Herbs |
Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Polygonatum biflorum |
Giant solomon's seal, Large solomon's-seal |
Herbs |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Polystichum acrostichoides |
Christmas fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Container garden, Mass planting, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire |
| Prunus serotina |
Wild black cherry, Black cherry, Black chokecherry, Rum cherry |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pycnanthemum incanum |
Hoary mountain mint |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Pycnanthemum muticum |
Short-toothed mountain-mint, Clustered mountain-mint |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Fragrant garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Pycnanthemum tenuifolium |
Narrow-leaf mountain-mint, Slender mountain-mint |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Quercus michauxii |
Swamp chestnut oak, Basket oak, Cow oak |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Quercus phellos |
Willow oak |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Rhexia virginica |
Virginia meadow beauty |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Rhododendron maximum |
Great rhododendron, White rosebay, Great laurel |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Rhododendron periclymenoides |
Great rhododendron, White rosebay, Great laurel |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Rhododendron viscosum var. viscosum |
Swamp azalea, Clammy azalea |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Heat, Wet conditions |
| Rhus typhina |
Staghorn sumac |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments |
| Rubus occidentalis |
Black raspberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Edible garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Heat |
| Rudbeckia laciniata |
Cut-leaved coneflower, Tall coneflower, Green-headed coneflower, Wild goldenglow, Cutleaf coneflower |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Salvia lyrata |
Lyre-leaf sage |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Heat, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions |
| Sambucus canadensis |
Common elderberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Barrier, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Sassafras albidum |
Sassafras, Cinnamon wood |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Flowering tree, Garden for the blind, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Understory tree, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat |
| Scirpus cyperinus |
Woolgrass, Woolgrass bulrush |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Barrier, Border, Mass planting, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Sisyrinchium angustifolium |
Narrow-leaved blue-eyed-grass, Narrow-leaved blue-eyed grass, Blue-eyed grass, Bermuda blue-eyed grass , Blue eyes , Grass flower , Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass , Narrow-leaf blue-eyed-grass , Sassy grass , Stout blue-eyed grass |
Herbs |
Border, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Solidago altissima |
Tall goldenrod |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Solidago bicolor |
Silverrod, White goldenrod |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Solidago caesia |
Bluestem goldenrod, Blue-stemmed goldenrod, Wreath goldenrod, Axillary goldenrod |
Herbs |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Symphyotrichum cordifolium |
Blue wood aster, Heart-leaved aster |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Symphyotrichum lateriflorum |
Calico aster, Starved aster |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Thalictrum dioicum |
Early meadow-rue |
Herbs |
Border, Cutting garden, Mass planting, Meadows, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Heat |
| Thaspium barbinode |
Hairy-jointed meadow parsnip |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Thelypteris palustris |
Marsh fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Rain garden, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Heat |
| Tiarella cordifolia |
Heart-leaved foamflower |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Tilia americana |
American basswood, Basswood |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Lawn, Pollinator garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Wind |
| Tradescantia ohiensis |
Ohio spiderwort, Smooth spiderwort |
Herbs |
Border, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Tradescantia virginiana |
Virginia spiderwort |
Herbs |
Border, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Trichostema dichotomum |
Common blue curls, Forked blue curls |
Herbs |
Border, Mass planting, Meadows, Patio, Pollinator garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Tridens flavus |
Purpletop, Tall redtop, Grease grass, Redtop |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Mass planting, Meadows, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Salt |
| Trillium sessile |
Sessile trillium, Toadshade, Toad trillium |
Herbs |
Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Tsuga canadensis |
Canada hemlock, Eastern hemlock |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants |
| Uvularia sessilifolia |
Sessile bellwort, Wild-oats |
Herbs |
Border, Edible garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Verbesina alternifolia |
Wingstem |
Herbs |
Border, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Verbesina occidentalis |
Yellow crownbeard |
Herbs |
Border, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Vernonia glauca |
Upland ironweed, Broad-leaf ironweed |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Mass planting, Meadows, Patio, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rock garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Viburnum acerifolium |
Maple-leaf viburnum, Dockmackie |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire |
| Viburnum prunifolium |
Black haw, Blackhaw, Blackhaw viburnum, Nannyberry, Plum leaf viburnum |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Edible garden, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rooftops, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Acidic soils, Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Urban environments |
| Viola lanceolata |
Lance-leaved violet, Narrow-leaved violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Viola pedata |
Bird's foot violet, Bird's-foot violet, Birdfoot violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire |
| Viola sororia |
Common blue violet, Confederate violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Viola striata |
Cream violet, Striped violet |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Vitis riparia |
Riverbank grape |
Vines |
Edible garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Zizia aurea |
Common golden-alexanders, Golden-alexanders |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Swida amomum |
Silky dogwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum |
Common jack-in-the-pulpit |
Herbs |
Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Reptiles, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Morella cerifera |
Southern wax myrtle, Southern bayberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Morella cerifera |
Wax myrtle, Southern bayberry |
Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Salt, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Amauropelta noveboracensis |
New york fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |